Cradle-to-Grave

A study scope that follows a product through its entire life cycle, from resource extraction to final disposal. Narrower scopes are common: cradle-to-gate stops when the product leaves the factory, gate-to-gate covers a single facility, gate-to-grave covers only distribution, use and disposal, and cradle-to-cradle closes the loop by feeding materials back into a new life cycle — the logic of the circular economy.