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Glossary Terms

Working definitions for the terms that recur across this project: the circular economy, water resource recovery and reuse, and the life cycle methods -- LCA, LCC and S-LCA -- that AWARE combines into one sustainability assessment. They are written for a general reader rather than for specialists.

Showing entries beginning with N.

N

Net Present Value (NPV)

The sum of all discounted costs and revenues over a project's life. A positive NPV means the discounted benefits outweigh the discounted costs. In LCC it is the usual single…

Normalisation and Weighting

Optional steps after characterisation. Normalisation expresses each indicator relative to a reference -- such as the average annual impact of one person -- to show which results are large in…

Definitions are written for this site in plain language. The selection of terms was checked against the Life Cycle Initiative terminology (UNEP), the ILCA Common Glossary and the SimaPro LCA glossary, and against ISO 14040/14044, ISO 14046, ISO 14075 and the UNEP Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment (2020).